News from around the World
September 2004
Sheila Pantry, OBE
Traditional state pension systems are likely to remain the primary source of
income for retired people in the future, according to the latest comparative
study from the European Industrial Relations Observatory (EIRO). But Europe's
social partners are pushing for better occupational and individual pension
arrangements in the light of future demographic trends.
Falling birth rates, an overall longer life expectancy and the ageing of the
'baby boom' generation have put increasing pressure on the sustainability of
current pension systems. As a response, almost all European countries have
recently reformed or started to reform their pension systems with a view to
ensuring the adequacy in the future. As a consequence, many countries have seen
a reversal of the trend of lowering the average retirement age and many early
retirement schemes are being abolished or at least tightened up.
Occupational pensions and industrial relations, the recent comparative study
from the European Industrial Relations Observatory (EIRO), examines the
industrial relations aspects of recent pensions developments in 18 countries.
The report focuses mainly on occupational pensions, an area where the social
partners often play a significant or even dominant role.
'The report shows that Europe's social partners recognise that traditional
state pension systems will in the future carry the bulk of pension
obligations,' says Willy Buschak, the Foundation's acting Director. 'However,
two significant trends can be observed: one is the tendency to foster the
development of occupational pensions. Its relative importance, however, depends
on the extent of collective bargaining and 'maturity' of industrial relation
systems in the country. The second is growing number of individual
arrangements, in which defined-benefit systems, for instance, are likely to be
replaced by schemes based on defined contributions.'
This trend of individualisation of pension arrangements could have adverse
effects on certain categories of workers. The report shows that there are large
differences in pension coverage among different groups of workers.
Women, part-timers and unskilled workers are underrepresented in most
occupational schemes, as well as the self-employed and workers in various other
types of non-standard employment. The European Foundation for the Improvement
of Living and Working Conditions is a tripartite EU body, whose role is to
provide key actors in social policy making with findings, knowledge and advice
drawn from comparative research.
The report is available at www.eurofound.europa.eu/eiro/2004/04/study
For further information, contact the Foundation press officer Måns Mårtensson
| Telephone: +353-1-204 3124 | email: mma@eurofound.eu.int
| www.eurofound.europa.eu
From 16-22 September Europeans will again have the opportunity to enjoy a
full week of events dedicated to sustainable mobility. A wide range of
initiatives tackling different aspects of urban mobility will be carried out by
local authorities on each day of the week and in partnership with local
organisations and associations. NGOs and businesses will have the opportunity
to involve their local branches in joint projects with local authorities, so
that progress is made towards more sustainable mobility on a permanent basis.
The Car Free Day on Wednesday 22 September will be the highlight of the whole
week, with the challenge of organising "In
town without my car!" on a working day. "Safe
Streets For Children" will be the central focus for European
Mobility Week 2004. To launch the EMW 2004, DG Environment of the European
Commission will host a conference in Brussels on 16 September called 'Smart
Moves for Sustainable Mobility'. Experts and decision makers from all over the
world will gather to try to answer questions and tackle the real problems of
mobility in cities. What hampers developments and progress and what can we do
to get on the right course? The conference aims to deliver concrete suggestions
for the future work on sustainable mobility resulting in a better environment
and health for Europeans.
For a list of national coordinators: www.mobilityweek-europe.org
An increasing number of employers are allowing their employees to work
partly, or exclusively, from their home. But being at home can mean that the
homeworker becomes 'out of sight and out of mind', particularly when it comes
to their health and safety. Both employers and the employee have
responsibilities that they need to be aware of, and to implement, to ensure
that both parties can have a safe and productive working relationship.
Scriptographic Publications' new 24-page booklet Homeworker's Guide to
Health and Safety covers the important issues that employees need to
understand, from doing a risk assessment, preparing and managing the working
environment, through to avoiding slips, trips and falls. It also covers
electrical safety, lifting and carrying, using display screen and other
equipment, and finally, how the employee can look after their personal welfare.
A free sample of this booklet, or any of Scriptographic Publication's other
booklets, are available by calling Freephone 0800 028 5670, by Email: sales@scriptographic.co.uk,
by Fax on 01420 541743, or at the Scriptographic website at www.scriptographic.co.uk
Michael Whitcroft, Scriptographic Publications Ltd, Charwell House, Wilsom
Road, Alton, Hampshire GU34 2PP, UK | Tel: 08701 609 220 | email: michaelwhitcroft@scriptographic.co.uk
A new study by the International Labour Office (ILO) highlights that
people's economic security promotes personal well-being, happiness and
tolerance, while benefiting growth and development.
The report, "Economic Security for a Better World," (Note
1) includes estimates for countries representing more than 85 per cent of
the world's population, and says such economic security -coupled with democracy
and government spending on social security - not only benefits growth but can
also promote social stability.
The report cautions, however, that economic security remains out of reach
for the vast majority of the world's workers, about three-quarters of whom live
in circumstances of economic insecurity that fosters what the report calls
"a world full of anxiety and anger".
Only 8 per cent of people - fewer than one in ten - live in countries
providing favourable economic security, said the survey produced by the ILO's
Socio-Economic Security Programme.
"Coming shortly after the report of the World Commission on the Social
Dimension of Globalization, this book should enrich the debate on how we can
build a fair globalization," says ILO Director-General Juan Somavia.
"Unless we can make our societies more equal and the global economy more
inclusive, very few will achieve economic security or decent work."
The report marks the first attempt to measure global economic security as
perceived by ordinary people and was based on detailed household and workplace
surveys covering over 48,000 workers and more than 10,000 workplaces worldwide.
Economic security is measured on the basis of seven forms of work-related
security including income, labour markets, employment, skills, work, jobs and
representation.
For further information, please contact the Socio-Economic Security
Programme secretariat by email: ses@ilo.org or
by phone: +4122/799-7913. Members of the team can give interviews in English,
French, Portuguese or Spanish. For those interested in the issues in Africa,
there is a companion book due for publication in September 2004, namely
Confronting Economic Insecurity in Africa. Copies of this will be available at
that time.
Note 1 - Economic Security for a better world,
Socio-Economic Security Programme. International Labour Office, 2004. Price: 50
Swiss francs. ISBN 92-2-115611-7
www.ilo.org/ses
www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/inf/pr/2004/38.htm
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The workplace is rapidly changing, creating new and unstudied safety and
health challenges. Organizational restructuring, new communication
technologies, and extended work shifts have left many workers facing increased
job demands and longer work days. The NORA Organization of Work Team examines
how these trends affect worker health and safety. Team leader Steve Sauter
explains the team's mission is to identify "what is known and not known
about the health and safety implications and to promote research to fill these
knowledge gaps."
The team responded to these knowledge gaps with it's white paper The
Changing Organization of Work and the Safety and Health of Working People,
published in 2002. Subgroups now focus on two high priority issues: work
organization and women's health and the health and safety consequences of long
working hours. Long working hours was also the theme of a successful conference
the team recently co-sponsored with the University of Maryland; the Journal
of the American Medical Association published the conference results in the
July 7, 2004 issue. In addition, the team supports 21 research projects and
funds 11 graduate training programs in the organization of work. Visit the
team's Web page to learn more about their research and the NIOSH Stress Topic
page to find related information about the organization of work.
White paper www.cdc.gov/niosh/02-116pd.html
Team Web page www2a.cdc.gov/nora/noratopictemp.asp?rscharea=ow
Stress Topic Page www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/stress
Christine Schuler and Mark Hoover are collaborating, on behalf of NIOSH,
with scientists at the Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité
du travail (IRSST) and the National Jewish Medical and Research Center, as
members of the organizing committee for an International Beryllium Research
Symposium to be held in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, March 8-11, 2005. Information
on this symposium can be found at www.irsst.qc.ca/en/intro-be-2005.html.
US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Fire
Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Programme expanded its outreach
to fire fighters and fire departments across the U.S. by collaborating with the
editors of several widely read fire service trade journals to publish summary
versions of selected investigative reports from the program. This cost-free
strategy enables NIOSH to disseminate information for preventing fire fighter
fatalities to at least 1.8 million fire service personnel. More information on
the program can be found at www.cdc.gov/niosh/fire.
A new website designed to help waste management and recycling industries has
been launched by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE).
Waste management and recycling is one of the UK's fastest growing industries
due to the need to provide environmentally friendly and sustainable solutions
to our everyday problems of waste. Unfortunately, it is also one of the most
dangerous.
The site, which can be found at www.hse.gov.uk/waste,
aims to give everyone working in the industry access to free, up to date advice
on health and safety.
James Barrett, Head of HSE's Manufacturing Sector, said:
"Of all the industries HSE monitors, the waste management and recycling
industry has the highest fatal incident rate, figures that are well above both
construction and agriculture. This is simply unacceptable. I welcome this new
website as a place where the industry can obtain free advice. The Industry
itself must take steps to instill effective health and safety management and
develop a sensible health and safety culture."
Also speaking about the new website, Trevor Hay, Chair of the Waste Industry
Safety and Health forum (WISH), said:
"Sadly, the waste and recycling industry compares unfavourably with
most other industries in its health and safety performance. This new site is
designed to help the industry improve its performance and because it is so easy
to get to and to use, effort will not be wasted in this rapidly growing
industry."
HSE publishes annual statistics of fatal injuries. Between 2001 and 2004 the
rate of fatal injuries in recycling and waste was 27.7 per 100,000 employees.
In a similar period, agriculture had a rate of 6.15 and construction a rate of
4.81. The numbers of fatal accidents occurring in industry are published on the
HSE web site www.hse.gov.uk/statistics
'Mapping health and safety standards in the UK waste industry', a report of
a research project carried out by Bomel Limited for HSE shows that, in 2001-02,
the number of fatal incidents are over ten times the national average, the
accident rates are over four times the national average. The incidents
predominantly occur to refuse/recycling collection workers who manually handle
and sort waste, the report can be accessed at www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr240.pdf
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A new website for the surface engineering industry has been launched by the
Health and Safety Executive (HSE). The site, which can be found at www.hse.gov.uk/surfaceengineering
is designed to give everyone working in the industry access to free, up to date
advice on health and safety.
Principal Inspector John Powell from HSE's Manufacturing Sector said:
"I am so pleased to launch the surface engineering webpages. Sadly, the
industry has seen incident rates increase over the last six years, whilst rates
for the manufacturing industry have dropped. By book marking this new site as a
'favourite', people who work in the industry will be a 'click away' from
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